Article Impact Level: HIGH Data Quality: STRONG Summary of Circulation, 150(3), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.069824 Dr. Yi Wang et al.
Points
- The study found that higher levels of dietary acculturation among US Hispanic and Latino adults were directly associated with a 33% increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD).
- Dietary acculturation led to significant shifts in gut microbiota composition, including a decrease in beneficial fiber-utilizing bacteria like Clostridia and Prevotella and an increase in other species.
- The changes in gut microbiota were linked to dietary patterns associated with acculturation, specifically lower intake of whole grains, beans, and fruits and higher consumption of refined grains.
- The study identified a link between dietary acculturation and specific serum metabolites related to fatty acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism, which were associated with gut microbiota changes and increased CVD risk.
- The findings emphasize the need for targeted dietary and microbiota-focused interventions to mitigate the cardiovascular risks posed by dietary acculturation in US Hispanic and Latino populations.
Summary
In a comprehensive study within the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), researchers investigated the impact of dietary acculturation on cardiovascular disease (CVD) among US Hispanic and Latino adults. Dietary acculturation, defined as the adoption of dominant US dietary habits by migrants, was quantified using a US-oriented dietary score derived from dietary recalls of 14,172 participants. This score, which increased with the duration of US residence and was influenced by US nativity, was analyzed for its correlation with the incidence of CVD over approximately seven years and with changes in gut microbiota from a subset of 2,349 participants.
The findings revealed a direct association between higher levels of dietary acculturation and an increased risk of developing CVD, with a hazard ratio per standard deviation increase of 1.33 (95% CI, 1.13–1.57). This association persisted even after adjusting for various sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors. The study also identified significant shifts in gut microbiota composition related to dietary acculturation, notably a decrease in fiber-utilizing bacteria such as Clostridia and Prevotella and an increase in diverse other species. These microbial changes correlated with dietary intake patterns, specifically lower consumption of whole grains, beans, and fruits and higher intake of refined grains.
Additionally, the research linked dietary acculturation with specific serum metabolites associated with fatty acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism, which were also related to the altered gut microbiota and the incidence of CVD. The positive correlation between these diet-acculturation-related metabolites and CVD risk (r=0.70, P<0.001) underscores the potential metabolic pathways through which dietary changes may influence cardiovascular health. This study highlights the need for targeted dietary and microbiota-focused interventions to address the cardiovascular risks associated with dietary acculturation among US Hispanic and Latino populations.
Link to the article: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.069824
References Wang, Y., Chen, G.-C., Wang, Z., Luo, K., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., McClain, A. C., Jankowska, M. M., Perreira, K. M., Mattei, J., Isasi, C. R., Llabre, M. M., Thyagarajan, B., Daviglus, M. L., Van Horn, L., Goldsztajn Farelo, D., Maldonado, L. E., Levine, S. R., Yu, B., … Peters, B. A. (2024). Dietary Acculturation Is Associated With Altered Gut Microbiome, Circulating Metabolites, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in US Hispanics and Latinos: Results From HCHS/SOL. Circulation, 150(3), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.069824
